Hi Kuzmaniac24,
           :)

First of all why so many "?" ?

1. Is Hinduism based off a form of a deity or just the greater good in human kind (mostly values or virtues)?

Neither. Hinduism uses the word "God" to mean that which is beyond both virtue and vice.  Being virtuous is however helpful to go beyond both virtue and vice.
No, Hinduism is not based on a form of a Diety. Dieties are used to represent that which is beyond form! Its like a globe used to represent the earth! The globe itself is a part of the earth, but it represents the earth in some sense. That's what is the purpose of a diety.

2. How do you worship, what do you read to worship, and how do you pray?

Prayer is called Puja in hinduism. The word "Puja" is defined as "Purnat Jyayathe iti puja" --- meaning that which is born of Completeness. So a worship is that which is born in your inner completeness. When you recognize your inner completeness every action of yours becomes a prayer.

3. Is there some form of after life within hinduism?

Yes. you may consult the book "life after death" by swami Vivekananda.

4. Where does the religion exactly originate from and what culturistic aspects come along with it?

:) I leave this question for the others to answer. Its not my fort.

5. What sacred holidays are there and what celebrations occur because of this religion?

Same as 4.

6. Are there any specific rules or regulations within the hindu religion that must be followed to completely pursue your faith?

First, is obviously,  you have to understand what is said. hinduism is a logical subject. There is a subject called Tarka Shastra. Tarkam means logic. Shastra - science. So Hinduism should be studied logically.
Having understood --- you chose your lifestyle. The understanding is required --- life style is your choice.

7. Is there a large difference between Islam and Hinduism?

Yes. Vast difference. Islam, Christianity etc are centered on "God" .
Hinduism and Buddhism are centered on "You"

8. Who is Muhammad?

a Prophet in Islam.

9. How many Gods are there within the Hindu religion?

God is a word --- it should represent some meaning. In Hinduism God is that which IS. What IS, if you want to give it a name, call it God. But different people can give it different name. I may like "God" , someone likes "Vishnu" , someone else "Rama" and so on ... All names and all forms represent the Whole--- simply call it God.

10. Is there a certain amount of times that you must pray a day?

The whole life has to become a Prayer -- a worship. Its not like "Ill pray for half an hour and for rest of the day ill spend it in agitation and conflict." . Every minute is a continuous prayer. Ramana Maharshi --- a Hindu Saint, says It should be like the continous flow of Ghee from one container to another. So continuous. True prayer is not a mental "activity" but a being beyond "mind", such continuous prayer does not put pressure on the mind.

Love!
Silence

Dear Kuzmaniac,

Here are my answers to your questions:

1. Is Hinduism based off a form of a deity or just the greater good in human kind (mostly values or virtues)?

Hindu dharma says that man must purify his heart, experience the Ultimate Reality (called Brahman) and be free. Freedom from all imperfections is the goal of human life. One can strive to be perfect by worshiping Brahman or God (the path of Bhakti or devotion), or by knowing one self (the path of Jnana) or by doing works (Karma Yoga) or by psychic control (Raja Yoga) or by combination of all 4 methods.

2. How do you worship, what do you read to worship, and how do you pray?

There are four basic methods for attaining perfection or moksha (liberation). They are puja, prayer, japa and dhyana.

Puja is ritualistic worship of various aspects of Brahman like Shiva, Vishnu or Krishna, Kali etc.  The exact form of ritualistic worship or Puja is written down in Agama Shastra.

Hindu tradition accepts three forms of prayer, (1) petitionary, (2) intercessory and (3) prayer for moksha. The first two types of prayer are common but not very useful. The third type can ultimately lead to meditation. Below is an example of the third type of prayer:

Sri Ramakrishna's prayer


O Mother. I throw myself on Thy mercy;
I take shelter at Thy hallowed Feet,
Be gracious and grant that I may have Pure love for Thee,
A love unsmitten by cravings for earthly things,
Untainted by any selfish end.
A love desired by the devotee
For the sake of love alone.
And grant me the favor, O Mother,
That I may not be deluded by Thy world-bewitching Maya;
There is no one but Thee whom I may call my own,
Mother, I do not know how to worship,
I am without austerity,
I have neither devotion nor knowledge,
Be gracious, Mother, and out of Thy infinite mercy
Grant me love for Thy lotus Feet.

(Translated by Swami Nikhilanda)

Japa is repeatation of mantra.

Dhyana is meditation where one tries to focus one's mind on something good like God.

3. Is there some form of after life within hinduism?

In Hinduism there are six planes above the earth (bhuh). They are known as Bhuvah, Svah, Mahah, Jonah, Tapah and Satya. Those souls which have done good work but has not been enlightened stays in any of the lower heavens (Bhuvah, Svah and Mahah) till they exhaust the merit acquired through good work. Then they are born at an appropriate place. Those who have done bad things go to hell or Naraka. This Naraka is, however, not hell but really purgatory. Also Hindu theo-philosophy insists that both heaven and hell are temporary, since no one person can do infinite amount of either good or bad work.

        For most Hindu sects the ultimate destination of the soul is not heaven. After enlightenment one realizes that one is a pure spirit and not the material body. Since the soul is beyond space and time ,so it can not be in any place "heaven". There are principally two destinations depending on
whether the enlightened soul prefers the Personal God or the Impersonal Reality also called Brahman. The Personal God theology was developed by Sri Ramanuja, Sri Madhva and others while the Impersonal Reality theology was developed by Sri Shankara. Those who have vision of a Personal God ends up in a divine abode like Vaikuntha. Those who experience the Impersonal reality merge with Brahman. Those who are not enlightened may stay temporarily in heaven or in hell depending on their merit or the lack of it and then come back to Earth.

I will answer the rest of your questions later.